Q: How can I tell if I have gingivitis or periodontitis (gum disease)? A: Four out of five people have periodontal disease and don’t know it. Most people are not aware they have gum disease because it is typically painless in the early stages. Unlike tooth decay, which often causes discomfort, it is possible to have periodontal disease without any noticeablemsymptoms whatsoever. Having regular dental check-ups and periodontal examinations are very important and will help detect if periodontal problems exist. Recent research indicates that periodontal disease is linked to heart disease, diabetes, and low birth weight babies. So in order to maintain overall health, it is important to see your dentist at least 2 times each year for an evaluation and thorough cleaning.mPeriodontal disease begins when plaque (a sticky, colorless film of bacteria) food debris, and saliva, are left on the teeth and gums. The bacteria produce toxins (acids) that inflame the gums and slowly destroy the bone. Brushing and flossing regularly and properly will ensure that plaque is not left behind to do its damage. Other than poor oral hygiene, there are several other factors that may increase the risk of developing periodontal disease: • Smoking or chewing tobacco – Tobacco users are more likely than nonusers to form plaque and tartar on their teeth. • Certain tooth or appliance conditions – Bridges that no longer fit properly, crowded teeth, or defective fillings may trap plaque and bacteria. • Many medications – Some medications have side effects that reduce saliva, making the mouth dry so it is easier for plaque to adhere to the teeth and gums. Examples include: steroids, anti-depressants, cancer therapy drugs, blood pressure medications, oral contraceptives, and ADD / ADHD medications. • Pregnancy and Puberty – Can cause changes in hormone levels, causing gum tissue to become more sensitive to bacteria toxins. • Systemic diseases - Diabetes, Heart Disease, Blood Cell Disorders, etc. • Genetics – Some patients may be predisposed to a more aggressive type of periodontitis. Patients with a family history of tooth loss should pay particular attention to their gums. Q: What are Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease? A: • Red and puffy gums – Gums should never be red or swollen. • Bleeding gums – Gums should never bleed, even when you brush vigorously or use dental floss. • Persistent bad breath – Caused by bacteria in the mouth. • New spacing between teeth – Caused by bone loss. • Loose teeth – Also caused by bone loss or weakened periodontal fibers (fibers that support the tooth to the bone). • Pus around the teeth and gums – Is a sign that there is an infection present in the mouth. • Receding gums – Loss of gum around a tooth. • Tenderness or Discomfort – Plaque, calculus, and bacteria irritate the gums and teeth. Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease.